What does "head-on" mean in a navigational context?

In a navigational context, "head-on" specifically refers to two vessels that are approaching each other nearly directly from the front. This situation is critical for determining the actions vessels must take to avoid collisions in accordance with the Navigation Rules. When two vessels are on a collision course, it is essential for each to understand their respective responsibilities for maneuvers to ensure safety.

This definition aligns with Rule 14 of the International Regulations for Preventing Collisions at Sea (COLREGs), which states that both vessels must alter course to starboard to pass each other port to port. Understanding this term is vital for mariners to navigate safely, as it directly addresses situations where the risk of collision is high due to the vessels’ aligned paths.